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LPG is capped by various oligosaccharides. How these glycans are recognized and how they alter the course of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection are poorly understood. Previous studies synthesized \u03b1-1,2-trimannose cap sugars on latex beads and demonstrated that C57BL\/6 mice coinoculated with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania major<\/jats:named-content>\n            and trimannose-coated beads produced significantly higher levels of interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40) and other proinflammatory, type 1 cytokines than mice inoculated with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            alone within the first 48 h of infection. However, as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection typically progress over weeks to months, the role of trimannose in altering disease progression over the course of infection was unknown. Wild-type mice were inoculated with either trimannose-coated or carrier (uncoated) beads, infected with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            alone, coinoculated with carrier beads and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            , or coinoculated with trimannose-coated beads and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Trimannose treatment of\n            <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n            -infected mice decreased the parasite load and significantly decreased the lesion size at 14 days postinfection (p.i.) compared to results for nontreated, infected mice. Infected, trimannose-treated mice had decreased IL-12p40 and IL-10 secretion and increased interferon gamma secretion at 14 days p.i. Mannose receptor knockout (MR\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ) mice lack the ability to detect trimannose. When MR\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice were infected with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. major<\/jats:named-content>\n            and treated with trimannose beads, they did not have decreased lesion size.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            -derived trimannose represents a novel immunomodulator that provides early type 1-skewed cytokine production to control the parasite load and alter the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00672-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:30:58Z","timestamp":1508805058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Leishmania-Derived Trimannose Modulates the Inflammatory Response To Significantly Reduce Leishmania major-Induced Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7797-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara L.","family":"Grinnage-Pulley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E. K.","family":"Kabotso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea L.","family":"Rintelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajarshi","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Schaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela J.","family":"Toepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Gibson-Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola L. 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