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Here, we utilized<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>imaging of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>infection in mice following an intravaginal inoculation and confirmed the rapid ascent of the chlamydial organisms from the lower to upper genital tracts. Unexpectedly, the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>-derived signal was still detectable in the abdominal area 100 days after inoculation.<jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>imaging of the mouse organs revealed that the long-lasting presence of the chlamydial signal was restricted to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which was validated by directly measuring the chlamydial live organisms and genomes in the same organs. The<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>organisms spreading from the genital to the GI tracts were detected in different mouse strains and appeared to be independent of oral or rectal routes. Mice prevented from orally taking up excretions also developed the long-lasting GI tract infection. Inoculation of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. muridarum<\/jats:named-content>directly into the upper genital tract, which resulted in a delayed vaginal shedding of live organisms, accelerated the chlamydial spreading to the GI tract. Thus, we have demonstrated that the genital tract chlamydial organisms may use a systemic route to spread to and establish a long-lasting infection in the GI tract. The significance of the chlamydial spreading from the genital to GI tracts is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00673-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,23]],"date-time":"2015-06-23T01:31:23Z","timestamp":1435023083000},"page":"3568-3577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>and<i>Ex Vivo<\/i>Imaging Reveals a Long-Lasting Chlamydial Infection in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract following Genital Tract Inoculation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangsheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schenken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000148299.14513.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2741-2751.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"980","article-title":"Vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis infections","volume":"3","author":"de la Maza LM","year":"2002","unstructured":"de la Maza LM, Peterson EM. 2002. 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