{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:49:17Z","timestamp":1760122157462},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>, the causative agent of melioidosis, is recognized as a serious health threat due to its involvement in septic and pulmonary infections in areas of endemicity and is recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a category B biothreat agent. An animal model is desirable to evaluate the pathogenesis of melioidosis and medical countermeasures. A model system that represents human melioidosis infections is essential in this process. A group of 10 rhesus macaques (RMs) and 10 African green monkeys (AGMs) was exposed to aerosolized<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">B. pseudomallei<\/jats:named-content>1026b. The first clinical signs were fever developing 24 to 40 h postexposure followed by leukocytosis resulting from a high percentage of neutrophils. Dyspnea manifested 2 to 4 days postexposure. In the AGMs, an increase in interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, IL-8, gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) was observed. In the RMs, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 increased. All the RMs and AGMs had various degrees of bronchopneumonia, with inflammation consisting of numerous neutrophils and a moderate number of macrophages. Both the RMs and the AGMs appear to develop a melioidosis infection that closely resembles that seen in acute human melioidosis. However, for an evaluation of medical countermeasures, AGMs appear to be a more appropriate model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00675-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,10]],"date-time":"2012-07-10T15:23:37Z","timestamp":1341933817000},"page":"3332-3340","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Natural History of Inhalation Melioidosis in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"John J.","family":"Yeager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Facemire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Dabisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camenzind G.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Nyakiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ke'aki Technologies LLC, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reese","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aerobiological Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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