{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:19:13Z","timestamp":1753881553884,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCI-AI-078559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCI-AI-078559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GM060655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM060655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"DoD","award":["W911NF-11-1-0136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-11-1-0136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the agent of Lyme disease, responds to numerous host-derived signals to alter adaptive capabilities during its enzootic cycle in an arthropod vector and mammalian host. Molecular mechanisms that enable\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            to detect, channel, and respond to these signals have become an intense area of study for developing strategies to limit transmission\/infection. Bioinformatic analysis of the borrelial genome revealed the presence of polyamine transport components (PotA, PotB, PotC, and PotD), while homologs for polyamine biosynthesis were conspicuously absent. Although\n            <jats:italic>potABCD<\/jats:italic>\n            is cotranscribed, the level of PotA was elevated under\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            growth conditions mimicking unfed ticks compared to the level in fed ticks, while the levels of PotD were similar under the aforementioned conditions in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Among several polyamines and polyamine precursors, supplementation of spermine or spermidine in the borrelial growth medium induced synthesis of major regulators of gene expression in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            , such as RpoS and BosR, with a concomitant increase in proteins that contribute to colonization and survival of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the mammalian host. Short transcripts of\n            <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic>\n            were elevated in response to spermidine, which was correlated with increased protein levels of RpoS. Transcriptional analysis of\n            <jats:italic>rpoZ<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>rel<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>\n              rel\n              <jats:sub>Bbu<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ;\n            <jats:italic>bb0198<\/jats:italic>\n            ) in the presence of spermidine revealed the interplay of multiple regulatory factors in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            gene expression. The effect of spermidine on the levels of select borrelial proteins was also influenced by serum factors. These studies suggest that multiple host-derived signals\/nutrients and their transport systems contribute to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content>\n            adaptation during the vector and vertebrate host phases of infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00684-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,5]],"date-time":"2017-01-05T02:30:44Z","timestamp":1483583444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Spermine and Spermidine Alter Gene Expression and Antigenic Profile of Borrelia burgdorferi"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Ying-Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus A.","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Trever C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann N.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L. Rajasekhar","family":"Karna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tricia A.","family":"Van Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raghunandan","family":"Yendapally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feik School of Pharmacy, University of The Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Seshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Excellence in Infection Genomics and Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_6.S1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800262-9.00002-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.11.4535-4539.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1689-1705.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6677-6684.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1580-1586.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01109-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12882"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MBP-0011-2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3440633"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2627990100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2851"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01472-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1623-1627.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1615-1622.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.655688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.510552"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05234-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.05042.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3190021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05716.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01301-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.49.1.81-99.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R116.734780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(01)01198-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-59"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","first-page":"22723","article-title":"Polyamine stimulation of the synthesis of oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA)","volume":"274","author":"Yoshida M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yoshida M Meksuriyen D Kashiwagi K Kawai G Igarashi K . 1999. Polyamine stimulation of the synthesis of oligopeptide-binding protein (OppA). Involvement of a structural change of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon AUG in OppA mRNA. J Biol Chem274:22723\u201322728.","journal-title":"Involvement of a structural change of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the initiation codon AUG in OppA mRNA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M206668200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404393200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17030363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00803-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01118-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038171"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06549.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00882-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00494-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00684-16","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00684-16","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T10:40:23Z","timestamp":1646476823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00684-16"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"B\u00e4umler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00684-16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00684-16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0019-9567"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-5522"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00684-16"}}