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Several lines of evidence suggest that cross immunity between these two pathogens could be exploited in the design of strategies for heterologous vaccination. We assessed the ability of an attenuated strain of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>(\u201c<jats:italic>mic1<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>KO strain\u201d) conferring strong protection against chronic and congenital toxoplasmosis to protect mice against lethal<jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>infection. Mice immunized with<jats:italic>mic1<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>KO tachyzoites by the oral and intraperitoneal routes developed a strong cellular Th1 response and displayed significant protection against lethal heterologous<jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>infection, with survival rates of 70% and 80%, respectively, whereas only 30% of the nonimmunized mice survived. We report here the acquisition of heterologous protective immunity against<jats:italic>N. caninum<\/jats:italic>following immunization with a live attenuated<jats:italic>mic1<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>KO strain of<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00703-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T05:23:37Z","timestamp":1260249817000},"page":"651-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Protection against Lethal<i>Neospora caninum<\/i>Infection in Mice Induced by Heterologous Vaccination with a<i>mic1 mic3<\/i>Knockout<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>Strain"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Diana Marcela","family":"Penarete-Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Franc\u0327ois-Rabelais de Tours, INRA, UMR 0483 Universite\u0301-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothe\u0301rapie Anti-Infectieuse, IFR des Agents Transmissibles et Infectiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Noelle","family":"Me\u0301ve\u0301lec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Franc\u0327ois-Rabelais de Tours, INRA, UMR 0483 Universite\u0301-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothe\u0301rapie Anti-Infectieuse, IFR des Agents Transmissibles et Infectiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Franc\u0327ois-Rabelais de Tours, INRA, UMR 0483 Universite\u0301-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothe\u0301rapie Anti-Infectieuse, IFR des Agents Transmissibles et Infectiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Se\u0300che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VitamFero, UFR de Pharmacie, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Dimier-Poisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Franc\u0327ois-Rabelais de Tours, INRA, UMR 0483 Universite\u0301-INRA d'Immunologie Parasitaire, Vaccinologie et Biothe\u0301rapie Anti-Infectieuse, IFR des Agents Transmissibles et Infectiologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Fandeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 d'Immunologie Mole\u0301culaire des Parasites, CNRS URA 2581 25, rue du Docteur-Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1998.4346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01115.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.6.893-898.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041672"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"229","year":"2005","unstructured":"Conraths, F., and L. 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