{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:54:50Z","timestamp":1790744090565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whipple's disease is a chronic multisystemic infection caused by<jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic>that is characterized by arthritis, weight loss, and diarrhea. The immunological defects in the duodenal mucosa, the site of major replication of the agent underlying the pathogenesis of Whipple's disease, are poorly understood. Mucosal immunoglobulins are essential for the defense against intestinal pathogens; therefore, we analyzed the B-cell response in duodenal specimens and sera of Whipple's disease patients. Whereas systemic immunoglobulin production was affected only marginally, duodenal biopsy specimens of Whipple's disease patients contained reduced numbers of immunoglobulin-positive plasma cells and secreted less immunoglobulin compared to healthy controls but showed a weak secretory IgA response toward<jats:italic>T. whipplei.<\/jats:italic>This<jats:italic>T. whipplei<\/jats:italic>-specific intestinal immune response was not observed in controls. Thus, we were able to demonstrate that general mucosal immunoglobulin production in Whipple's disease patients is impaired. However, this deficiency does not completely abolish<jats:italic>T. whipplei<\/jats:italic>-specific secretory IgA production that nonetheless does not protect from chronic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00705-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T02:49:13Z","timestamp":1281408553000},"page":"4589-4592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Specific and Nonspecific B-Cell Function in the Small Intestines of Patients with Whipple's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Anika","family":"Geelhaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik I, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Moos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik I, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katina","family":"Schinnerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik I, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Allers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik I, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Loddenkemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Pathologie, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, URMITE CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"LaScola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, URMITE CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 des Rickettsies, URMITE CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medizinische Klinik I, Charite\u0301-Universita\u0308tsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597277"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0528-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00337.x","volume":"21","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ectors, N., K. Geboes, R. De Vos, H. Heidbuchel, P. Rutgeerts, V. Desmet, and G. Vantrappen. 1992. Whipple's disease: a histological, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic study of the immune response in the small intestinal mucosa. 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Loddenkemper, F. Fenollar, A. Moter, D. Raoult, R. Ignatius, and T. Schneider. 2001. Impaired immune functions of monocytes and macrophages in Whipple's disease. Gastroenterology138:210-220.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70042-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.3.357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00226.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"382","volume":"18","year":"1907","unstructured":"Whipple, G. H. 1907. A hitherto undescribed disease characterized anatomically by deposits of fat and fatty acids in the intestinal and mesenteric lymphatic tissues. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.18:382-393.","journal-title":"Bull. 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