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Toxoplasmosis can cause serious complications for those with weakened immune systems and during pregnancy. Cathelicidins, peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, are critical factors in host defense against microbes, but their role in parasitic infections is less well understood. This study demonstrates the protective function of endogenous cathelicidin against hepatic damage caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in an oral infection model. We challenged wild-type (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and cathelicidin-deficient (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) mice with low-virulent Type II strain of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      (ME-49) cysts. Our findings demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice exhibited more severe clinical manifestations, higher mortality rates, and more pronounced hepatic damage compared to their\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      counterparts. Histological liver examinations indicated significant necrotic hepatitis in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice, correlating with increased local concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteomic upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 and guanylate-binding proteins. Increased cerebral inflammation and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      cystogenesis were also observed in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice. Systemically,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      mice presented elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, specifically interferon-gamma (Ifn-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-\u03b1). In cultured macrophages, endogenous cathelicidin increased after\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge, while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        Camp\n                        <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      bone marrow-derived macrophages released higher amounts of Tnf-\u03b1 than their counterparts. We conclude that cathelicidin protects against liver injury and systemic deterioration induced by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tg<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection by downregulating the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00708-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:00:26Z","timestamp":1771855226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endogenous cathelicidin protects against\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii-<\/i>\n                    associated liver damage"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Yi Lin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03yjb2x39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of 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