{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1792728960297,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) constitute the majority of nosocomial UTIs and pose significant clinical challenges. Enterococcal species are among the predominant causative agents of CAUTIs. However, very little is known about the pathophysiology of\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated UTIs. We optimized a murine model of foreign body-associated UTI in order to mimic conditions of indwelling catheters in patients. In this model, the presence of a foreign body elicits major histological changes and induces the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines in the bladder. In addition, in contrast to nai\u0308ve mice, infection of catheter-implanted mice with\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced the specific expression of interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b1 (MIP-1\u03b1) in the bladder. These responses resulted in a favorable niche for the development of persistent\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in the murine bladders and kidneys. Furthermore, biofilm formation on the catheter implant\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    correlated with persistent infections. However, the enterococcal autolytic factors GelE and Atn (also known as AtlA), which are important in biofilm formation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are dispensable\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast, the housekeeping sortase A (SrtA) is critical for biofilm formation and virulence in CAUTIs. Overall, this murine model represents a significant advance in the understanding of CAUTIs and underscores the importance of urinary catheterization during\n                    <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    uropathogenesis. This model is also a valuable tool for the identification of virulence determinants that can serve as potential antimicrobial targets for the treatment of enterococcal infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00711-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,9]],"date-time":"2010-08-09T22:49:13Z","timestamp":1281394153000},"page":"4166-4175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Enterococcal Biofilm Formation and Virulence in an Optimized Murine Model of Foreign Body-Associated Urinary Tract Infections"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Pascale S.","family":"Guiton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia S.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn E.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Caparon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"name":"Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott J.","family":"Hultgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis"},{"name":"Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2003.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2007.00357.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60791-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05353-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61601-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000071557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.5.602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112972980400500101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01145-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01960877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198008073030605"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05216.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00219-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17434440.4.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.17.5629-5639.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/591861"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"125","volume":"17","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hirose, T., Y. 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