{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:37:59Z","timestamp":1790854679537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Lyme disease spirochete<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>reduces the expression of outer surface protein C (OspC) in response to the development of an anti-OspC humoral response, leading to the hypothesis that the ability to repress OspC expression is critical for the pathogen to proceed to chronic infection.<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>was genetically modified to constitutively express OspC by introducing an extra<jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>copy fused with the borrelial flagellar gene (<jats:italic>flaB<\/jats:italic>) promoter. Such a genetic modification did not reduce infectivity or pathogenicity in severe combined immunodeficiency mice but resulted in clearance of infection by passively transferred OspC antibody. Spirochetes with constitutive<jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>expression were unable to establish chronic infections in immunocompetent mice unless they had undergone very destructive mutations in the introduced<jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>copy. Two escape mutants were identified; one had all 7 bp deleted between the putative ribosome-binding site and the start codon, ATG, causing a failure in translational initiation, and the other mutant had an insertion of 2 bp between nucleotides 315 and 316, resulting in a nonsense mutation at codon 108. Thus, the ability of<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>to repress<jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>expression during mammalian infection allows the pathogen to avoid clearance and to preserve the integrity of the important gene for subsequent utilization during its enzootic life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00713-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,22]],"date-time":"2006-08-22T22:13:07Z","timestamp":1156284787000},"page":"5177-5184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Constitutive Expression of Outer Surface Protein C Diminishes the Ability of<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>To Evade Specific Humoral Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Qilong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunita V.","family":"Seemanapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"McShan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang Ting","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm732"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.52.2.549-554.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4661-4667.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.9.5063-5072.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3419-3428.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3146-3150.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.1.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4169-4173.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.12.7211-7214.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2237407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2234-2239.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01103.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4759-4764.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.7147-7154.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.8.4608-4613.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.9.4798-4804.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5566","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5566","volume":"163","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liang, F. 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