{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:01:01Z","timestamp":1790805661846,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondos de Recursos del Sistema FEES-CONARE, Red Tematica de Brucellosis Vicepresidency for Research University of Costa Rica","award":["803-B3-761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["803-B3-761"]}]},{"name":"The International Center for Genomic Engineering and Biotechonology","award":["CRP\/12\/007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP\/12\/007"]}]},{"name":"The National Council of Science and Technology of Costa Rica through FORINVES","award":["FV-0004-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FV-0004-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Brucella abortus<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a facultative extracellular-intracellular pathogen belonging to a group of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Alphaproteobacteria<\/jats:named-content>\n            that establishes close interactions with animal cells. This bacterium enters host cells in a membrane-bound compartment, avoiding the lysosomal route and reaching the endoplasmic reticulum through the action of the type IV secretion system, VirB. In this work, we demonstrate that the BvrR\/BvrS two-component system senses the intracellular environment to mount the transcriptional response required for intracellular life adaptation. By combining a method to purify intracellularly extracted bacteria with a strategy that allows direct determination of BvrR phosphorylation, we showed that upon entrance to host cells, the regulatory protein BvrR was activated (BvrR-P) by phosphorylation at aspartate 58. This activation takes place in response to intracellular cues found in early compartments, such as low pH and nutrient deprivation. Furthermore, BvrR activation was followed by an increase in the expression of VjbR and VirB. The\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            activation of this BvrR-P\/VjbR\/VirB virulence circuit rescued\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. abortus<\/jats:named-content>\n            from the inhibition of intracellular replication induced by bafilomycin treatment of cells, demonstrating the relevance of this mechanism for intracellular bacterial survival and replication. All together, our results indicate that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. abortus<\/jats:named-content>\n            senses the transition from the extracellular to the intracellular milieu through BvrR\/BvrS, allowing the bacterium to transit safely to its replicative niche. These results serve as a working model for understanding the role of this family of two-component systems in the adaptation to intracellular life of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Alphaproteobacteria<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00713-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1516792558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Brucella abortus Senses the Intracellular Environment through the BvrR\/BvrS Two-Component System, Which Allows B. abortus To Adapt to Its Replicative Niche"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Altamirano-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiolog\u00eda, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jos\u00e9, 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