{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:57:17Z","timestamp":1792670237205,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The pneumococcus obtains its energy from the metabolism of host glycosides. Therefore, efficient degradation of host glycoproteins is integral to pneumococcal virulence. In search of novel pneumococcal glycosidases, we characterized the\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain D39 protein encoded by\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0065<\/jats:italic>\n            and found that this gene encodes a \u03b2-galactosidase. The SPD_0065 recombinant protein released galactose from desialylated fetuin, which was used here as a model of glycoproteins found\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . A pneumococcal mutant with a mutation in\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0065<\/jats:italic>\n            showed diminished \u03b2-galactosidase activity, exhibited an extended lag period in mucin-containing defined medium, and cleaved significantly less galactose than the parental strain during growth on mucin. As pneumococcal \u03b2-galactosidase activity had been previously attributed solely to\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0562<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>bgaA<\/jats:italic>\n            ), we evaluated the contribution of\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0065<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0562<\/jats:italic>\n            to total \u03b2-galactosidase activity. Mutation of either gene significantly reduced enzymatic activity, but \u03b2-galactosidase activity in the double mutant, although significantly less than that in either of the single mutants, was not completely abolished. The expression of\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0065<\/jats:italic>\n            in\n            <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            grown in mucin-containing medium or tissues harvested from infected animals was significantly upregulated compared to that in pneumococci from glucose-containing medium. The\n            <jats:italic>SPD_0065<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain was found to be attenuated in virulence in a manner specific to the host tissue.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00721-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,20]],"date-time":"2009-10-20T00:59:02Z","timestamp":1256000342000},"page":"348-357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Characterization of Novel \u03b2-Galactosidase Activity That Contributes to Glycoprotein Degradation and Virulence in\n            <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Vanessa S.","family":"Terra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity &amp; Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Homer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susmitha G.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Dental Institute, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity &amp; Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Yesilkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Immunity &amp; Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02556.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511017103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28610-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01251-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/9.5.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.10.3971-3978.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00122.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.5.1216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5454-5461.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.10.5690-5695.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81354-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28433-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3110350"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.1017-1022.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.19.5709-5717.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/25.2.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.24.8340-8349.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1981.tb14554.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01601-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.492-501.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00449-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04984.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90297-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00930.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01148-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01318a036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01237-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01215-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02187.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Experiments in molecular genetics 1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.5.1206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.5.2276-2283.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"106","volume":"317","year":"1985","unstructured":"Morton, D. 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