{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:42:48Z","timestamp":1792032168913,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            One of the predominant polymicrobial infections of humans is expressed clinically as periodontal disease.\n            <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n            have been strongly implicated as members of a pathogenic consortium in the etiology of adult periodontitis. In this study we hypothesized that\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n            are synergistic in terms of virulence potential and induce chronic periodontal inflammation that leads to alveolar bone resorption in a polymicrobial infection in rats. Groups of rats were infected with either\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n            , or\n            <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n            in monomicrobial infections or with all three species in polymicrobial oral infections with or without\n            <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n            . PCR analyses of oral microbial samples demonstrated that rats infected with one bacterium were orally colonized by each of the bacteria during the study interval, and increased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels substantiated the interaction of the host with the infecting bacteria. PCR analyses of the rats with polymicrobial infections demonstrated that most rats were infected with\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n            as a consortium. Furthermore, all rats exhibited a significant increase in the level of IgG antibody to the polymicrobial consortium. Radiographic measurement of alveolar bone resorption showed that rats infected with the polymicrobial consortium with or without\n            <jats:italic>F. nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n            exhibited significantly increased alveolar bone resorption compared to the resorption in uninfected control rats, as well as the resorption in rats infected with one of the microbes. These results documented that\n            <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>T. denticola<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>T. forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n            not only exist as a consortium that is associated with chronic periodontitis but also exhibit synergistic virulence resulting in the immunoinflammatory bone resorption characteristic of periodontitis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00733-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,9]],"date-time":"2007-01-09T01:25:14Z","timestamp":1168305914000},"page":"1704-1712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Rat Model of Polymicrobial Infection, Immunity, and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Lakshmyya","family":"Kesavalu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabapathi","family":"Sathishkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasudevan","family":"Bakthavatchalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dolph","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Steffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Ebersole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3334-3340.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)90055-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"3","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brogden, K. A. 2002. Polymicrobial diseases of animals and humans, p. 3-20. In K. Brogden and J. Guthmiller (ed.), Polymicrobial diseases. ASM Press, Washington, DC.","journal-title":"Polymicrobial diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70155-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/15.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1996.tb00181.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(97)80297-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"175","volume":"2","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ebersole, J. L., A. Meka, A. Stromberg, C. Saunders, and L. Kesavalu. 2005. Host gene expression in local tissues in response to periodontal pathogens. Oral Biosci. Med.2:175-184.","journal-title":"Oral Biosci. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00108.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(92)90115-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2094-2100.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(01)00067-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1999.tb00162.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.4.1455-1464.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1998.tb00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608500713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5096-5102.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1991.tb00477.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.12.4584-4588.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3944-3955.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130301400504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.6055-6063.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345970760070701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03671.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1984.55.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.2.151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"365","volume":"132","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rozen, S., and H. Skaletsky. 2000. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. Methods Mol. Biol.132:365-386.","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02545.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1237223100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910508400512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2004.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1992.tb00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.1999.tb03237.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1378-1381.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.036004237.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1997.68.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4158-4162.1998"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00733-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00733-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1646463769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00733-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00733-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00733-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-05-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-12-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}