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Despite these efforts, the intricacies of how various cell death pathways shape immune responses in the context of infection remain unclear, particularly with regard to more recently discovered pathways such as pyroptosis. The emergence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>as a promising immunotherapeutic platform demands a thorough understanding of how cell death induced in the context of infection influences the generation of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell-mediated immune responses. To begin to address this question, we designed strains of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>that robustly activate necrosis, apoptosis, or pyroptosis. We hypothesized that proinflammatory cell death such as necrosis would be proimmunogenic while apoptosis would be detrimental, as has previously been reported in the context of sterile cell death. Surprisingly, we found that the activation of any host cell death in the context of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>infection inhibited the generation of protective immunity and specifically the activation of antigen-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Importantly, the mechanism of attenuation was unique for each type of cell death, ranging from deficits in costimulation in the context of necrosis to a suboptimal inflammatory milieu in the case of pyroptosis. Our results suggest that cell death in the context of infection is different from sterile-environment-induced cell death and that inhibition of cell death or its downstream consequences is necessary for developing effective cell-mediated immune responses using<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>-based immunotherapeutic platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00733-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T03:34:11Z","timestamp":1478576051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Listeria monocytogenes-Induced Cell Death Inhibits the Generation of Cell-Mediated Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"Theisen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9367-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John-Demian","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2012.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.57.4244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394590-7.00002-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5644"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02494.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01251-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"785","article-title":"Lymphocyte apoptosis during early phase of Listeria infection in mice","volume":"151","author":"Merrick JC","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merrick JC Edelson BT Bhardwaj V Swanson PE Unanue ER . 1997. 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