{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:39:59Z","timestamp":1770910799997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by alveolar macrophages. Here we report that B cells from the draining lymph nodes as well as lung CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells are important producers of TNF upon<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis murina<\/jats:named-content>infection. To determine the importance of B cell-derived TNF in the primary response to<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. murina<\/jats:named-content>, we generated bone marrow chimeras whose B cells were unable to produce TNF. The lung<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. murina<\/jats:named-content>burden at 10 days postinfection in TNF knockout (TNFKO) chimeras was significantly higher than that in wild-type (WT) chimeras, which corresponded to reduced numbers of activated CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the lungs at this early time point. Furthermore, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells isolated from<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. murina<\/jats:named-content>-infected TNFKO chimeras were unable to stimulate clearance of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. murina<\/jats:named-content>upon adoptive transfer to recombinase-deficient (RAG1KO) hosts. Together, these data indicate that B cell-derived TNF plays an important function in promoting CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell expansion and production of TNF and facilitating protection against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. murina<\/jats:named-content>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00744-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,4]],"date-time":"2013-09-04T01:46:59Z","timestamp":1378259219000},"page":"4252-4260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["B Cell Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor in Response to Pneumocystis murina Infection in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Opata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hollifield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Garvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"},{"name":"Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.139.4.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112103052401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5052-5056.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.3.881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.3.1423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1641-1649.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.1.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1999.1503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.3.1439","article-title":"Gene knockout B cell-deficient mice demonstrate that B cells play an important role in the initiation of T cell responses to Chlamydia trachomatis (mouse pneumonitis) lung infection","volume":"161","author":"Yang X","year":"1998","unstructured":"YangXBrunhamRC. 1998. 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