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However, the detailed pathogenesis of maternal malaria remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated a mouse model that shows similar severe pathological features of pregnant women during<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:named-content>infection and investigated the pathogenesis of maternal malaria. Pregnant mice immunized by infection with an attenuated parasite,<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:named-content>XAT, were more susceptible to virulent<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. berghei<\/jats:named-content>NK65 challenge\/infection than were nonpregnant mice and showed high levels of parasitemia and a poor pregnancy outcome associated with placental pathology, such as accumulation of parasitized red blood cells, in the late phase of pregnancy. Notably, the pregnant immune mice challenged\/infected with<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. berghei<\/jats:named-content>NK65 developed liver injury associated with microvesicular fatty infiltration in late pregnancy. The pathological features were similar to acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Higher levels of gamma interferon and nitric oxide (NO) were found in plasma from pregnant immune mice infected with<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. berghei<\/jats:named-content>NK65 than in plasma from nonpregnant mice. These findings suggest that development of liver injury and placental pathology in pregnant immune mice challenged\/infected with<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. berghei<\/jats:named-content>NK65 is accompanied by enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00749-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,30]],"date-time":"2013-07-30T03:01:12Z","timestamp":1375153272000},"page":"3865-3871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Development of Severe Pathology in Immunized Pregnant Mice Challenged with Lethal Malaria Parasites"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Mineo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Niikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumie","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30875\/b51b2f2c-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.10.2527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00938.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80151-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2004.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000074072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Experimental models of cerebral malaria","volume":"297","author":"Engwerda CR","year":"2005","unstructured":"EngwerdaCRBelnoueEGr\u00fcnerACR\u00e9niaL. 2005. 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