{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:59:38Z","timestamp":1761843578281},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            By using repeated mouse infection cycles, we obtained an escape variant with restored infectivity and pathogenicity that originated from a single, noninfectious\n            <jats:italic>hsp100<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:sup>\/<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            gene (formerly known as \u0394\n            <jats:italic>clpB<\/jats:italic>\n            ) replacement clone of\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n            , the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. This isolate elicited increased infiltration of immune cells to the site of infection and altered the polarization of the immune response in BALB\/c mice from a predominantly TH2 type to a TH1 type. A clonal analysis resulted in isolation of two clones with antagonistic properties. While one clone exhibited restored infectivity in isolated macrophages but caused no persistent infection in the mouse model, the second clone was unable to infect macrophages in vitro but could establish a lasting infection and form progressive lesions in BALB\/c mice. Our results add to the evidence that the TH1-TH2 dichotomy of the early immune response against\n            <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n            not only depends on the genetic predisposition of the host but also depends on intrinsic properties of the parasite.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00773-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1161385067000},"page":"6027-6036","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Spontaneous Recovery of Pathogenicity by\n            <i>Leishmania major hsp100<\/i>\n            <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n            <sup>\/<\/sup>\n            <sup>\u2212<\/sup>\n            Alters the Immune Response in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Reiling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Unit 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Kroemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Unit 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Gaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Graefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Clos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Unit 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01362-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00169-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1979.2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00012-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.5987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"46","volume":"4","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kawai, R., K. Fujita, H. Iwahashi, and Y. Komatsu. 1999. Direct evidence for the intracellular localization of Hsp104 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by immunoelectron microscopy. Cell Stress Chaperones4:46-53.","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.11.6488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1379\/1466-1268(1999)004<0191:ANRFKH>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00075-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.826-835.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(05)80135-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"163","volume":"479","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moll, H. 2000. The role of dendritic cells at the early stages of Leishmania infection. Adv. Exp. Med. 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