{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:31:27Z","timestamp":1791250287826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,1]],"date-time":"2015-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1443657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a bacterial pathogen that thrives in alveolar macrophages, causing a severe pneumonia. The virulence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            depends on its Dot\/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS), which delivers more than 300 effector proteins into the host, where they rewire cellular signaling to establish a replication-permissive niche, the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -containing vacuole (LCV). Biogenesis of the LCV requires substantial redirection of vesicle trafficking and remodeling of intracellular membranes. In order to achieve this, several T4SS effectors target regulators of membrane trafficking, while others resemble lipases. Here, we characterized LpdA, a phospholipase D effector, which was previously proposed to modulate the lipid composition of the LCV. We found that ectopically expressed LpdA was targeted to the plasma membrane and Rab4- and Rab14-containing vesicles. Subcellular targeting of LpdA required a C-terminal motif, which is posttranslationally modified by S-palmitoylation. Substrate specificity assays showed that LpdA hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol, -inositol-3- and -4-phosphate, and phosphatidylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA)\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . In HeLa cells, LpdA generated PA at vesicles and the plasma membrane. Imaging of different phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) and organelle markers revealed that while LpdA did not impact on membrane association of various PIP probes, it triggered fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, although LpdA is translocated inefficiently into cultured cells, an\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            \u0394\n            <jats:italic>lpdA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant displayed reduced replication in murine lungs, suggesting that it is a virulence factor contributing to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00785-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,28]],"date-time":"2015-07-28T01:01:53Z","timestamp":1438045313000},"page":"3989-4002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Legionella pneumophila Effector LpdA Is a Palmitoylated Phospholipase D Virulence Factor"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Gunnar N.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Aurass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella (Fg11), Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare V.","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward W.","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Hartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"Flieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella (Fg11), Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gad","family":"Frankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00052-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.02164-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.310-321.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.4.1669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5352.873"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215278110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017638"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.4.1319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3609-3620.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Creating a customized intracellular niche: subversion of host cell signaling by Legionella type IV secretion system effectors","volume":"6","author":"So EC","year":"2015","unstructured":"So EC, Mattheis C, Tate EW, Frankel G, Schroeder GN. 2015. 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