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Following footpad inoculation of<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, the agent of Lyme disease, expression of the CXCR2 ligand KC (CXCL1) is highly upregulated in the joints of arthritis-susceptible mice and is likely to play an important role in the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. To test this hypothesis, we infected C3H KC<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice with<jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>and followed the development of arthritis and carditis. Ankle swelling was significantly attenuated during the peak of arthritis in the KC<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. Arthritis severity scores were significantly lower in the KC<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice on days 11 and 21 postinfection, with fewer neutrophils present in the inflammatory lesions. Cardiac lesions were also significantly decreased in KC<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice at day 21 postinfection. There were, however, no differences between C3H wild-type and KC<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice in spirochete clearance from tissues. Two other CXCR2 ligands, LIX (CXCL5) and MIP-2 (CXCL2), were not increased to compensate for the loss of KC, and the production of several innate cytokines was unaltered. These results demonstrate that KC plays a critical nonredundant role in the development of experimental Lyme arthritis and carditis via CXCR2-mediated recruitment of neutrophils into the site of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00798-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,8]],"date-time":"2010-09-08T02:11:51Z","timestamp":1283911911000},"page":"4593-4600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["The Chemokine Receptor CXCR2 Ligand KC (CXCL1) Mediates Neutrophil Recruitment and Is Critical for Development of Experimental Lyme Arthritis and Carditis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Ritzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Hughes-Hanks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Blaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Wax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118494"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.249"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0803370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.4.842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.2.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00808-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2065-2071.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01794.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60791-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23622"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02877.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"5193","volume":"112","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eyles, J. 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