{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:55:36Z","timestamp":1791096936196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enterotoxigenic<jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>(ETBF) causes diarrhea and is implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. The only known ETBF virulence factor is the<jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>toxin (BFT), which induces E-cadherin cleavage, interleukin-8 secretion, and epithelial cell proliferation. A murine model for ETBF has not been characterized. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL\/6J or germfree 129S6\/SvEv mice were orally inoculated with wild-type ETBF (WT-ETBF) strains, a nontoxigenic WT strain of<jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic>(WT-NTBF), WT-NTBF overexpressing<jats:italic>bft<\/jats:italic>(rETBF), or WT-NTBF overexpressing a biologically inactive mutated<jats:italic>bft<\/jats:italic>(rNTBF). In SPF and germfree mice, ETBF caused colitis but was lethal only in germfree mice. Colonic histopathology demonstrated mucosal thickening with inflammatory cell infiltration, crypt abscesses, and epithelial cell exfoliation, erosion, and ulceration. SPF mice colonized with rETBF mimicked WT-ETBF, whereas rNTBF caused no histopathology. Intestinal epithelial E-cadherin was rapidly cleaved in vivo in WT-ETBF-colonized mice and in vitro in intestinal tissues cultured with purified BFT. ETBF mice colonized for 16 months exhibited persistent colitis. BFT did not directly induce lymphocyte proliferation, dendritic cell stimulation, or Toll-like receptor activation. In conclusion, WT-ETBF induced acute then persistent colitis in SPF mice and rapidly lethal colitis in WT germfree mice. Our data support the hypothesis that chronic colonization with the human commensal ETBF can induce persistent, subclinical colitis in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00814-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,3]],"date-time":"2009-02-03T01:46:35Z","timestamp":1233625595000},"page":"1708-1718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Induction of Persistent Colitis by a Human Commensal, Enterotoxigenic<i>Bacteroides fragilis<\/i>, in Wild-Type C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Ki-Jong","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoguang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XinQun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Huso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology"},{"name":"the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baktiar","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto A.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shervin","family":"Rabizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jai","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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