{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:32:47Z","timestamp":1787016767727,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infection with\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    has been associated with male and female urogenital disease syndromes, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and tubal factor infertility. Basic investigations of mucosal cytotoxicity, microbial persistence, and host immune responses are imperative to understanding these inflammatory urogenital syndromes, particularly in females, considering the potential severity of upper tract infections. Here, we report that\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    can establish long-term infection of human endocervical epithelial cells that results in chronic inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased responsiveness to secondary Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Using a novel quantitative PCR assay,\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    was shown to replicate from 0 to 80 days postinoculation (p.i.), during which at most time points the median ratio of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    organisms to host cells was \u226410, indicating that low organism burdens are capable of eliciting chronic inflammation in endocervical epithelial cells. This observation is consistent with clinical findings in women. Persistently secreted cytokines predominately consisted of potent chemotactic and\/or activating factors for phagocytes, including interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b2 (MIP-1\u03b2). Despite persistent cytokine elaboration, no host cell cytotoxicity was observed except with superphysiologic loads of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , suggesting that persistent infection occurs with minimal direct damage to the epithelium. However, it is hypothesized that chronic chemokine secretion with leukocyte trafficking to the epithelium could lead to significant inflammatory sequelae. Therefore, persistent\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>\n                    infection could have important consequences for acquisition and\/or pathogenesis of other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and perhaps explain the positive associations between this organism and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shedding.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00819-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]],"date-time":"2012-08-20T23:40:41Z","timestamp":1345506041000},"page":"3842-3849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Persistent Mycoplasma genitalium Infection of Human Endocervical Epithelial Cells Elicits Chronic Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Chris L.","family":"McGowin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rochelle S.","family":"Annan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Quayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila J.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam M.","family":"Mancuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Adegboye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2423"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1995.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.746-752.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00232-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000237860.61298.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2000.0395"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00639.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00566.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00003-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1674624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00239-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.683-692.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Intracellular location of Mycoplasma genitalium in cultured Vero cells as demonstrated by electron microscopy","volume":"75","author":"Jensen JS","year":"1994","unstructured":"JensenJSBlomJLindK. 1994. 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P.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00819-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00819-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}