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Among them are the\n            <jats:underline>t<\/jats:underline>\n            hermostable\n            <jats:underline>d<\/jats:underline>\n            irect\n            <jats:underline>h<\/jats:underline>\n            emolysin (TDH) and the\n            <jats:underline>T<\/jats:underline>\n            DH-\n            <jats:underline>r<\/jats:underline>\n            elated\n            <jats:underline>h<\/jats:underline>\n            emolysin (TRH), which share amino acid similarities to the TDH and TRH proteins of\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , where they have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis. Although TDH and TRH homologs can be encoded on extrachromosomal elements in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , type III secretion system (T3SS)-positive strains, such as AM-19226, carry a copy of\n            <jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>\n            within the T3SS genomic island. Transcriptional fusion analysis showed that in strain AM-19226,\n            <jats:italic>trh<\/jats:italic>\n            expression is regulated in a bile-dependent manner by a family of transmembrane transcriptional regulators that includes VttR\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            , VttR\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            , and ToxR. Genes encoding T3SS structural components are expressed under similar conditions, suggesting that within the T3SS genomic island, genes encoding proteins unrelated to the T3SS and loci involved in T3SS synthesis are coregulated. Despite similar\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            expression patterns, however, TRH is not required for AM-19226 to colonize the infant mouse intestine, nor does it contribute to bile-mediated cytotoxicity when strain AM-19226 is cocultured with the mammalian cell line Caco2-BBE. Instead, we found that a functional T3SS is essential for AM-19226 to induce bile-mediated cytotoxicity\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . Collectively, the results are consistent with a more minor role for the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            TRH in T3SS-positive strains compared to the functions attributed to the\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            TDH and TRH proteins.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00832-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T05:29:22Z","timestamp":1349760562000},"page":"4444-4455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Vibrio cholerae trh Gene Is Coordinately Regulated\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            with Type III Secretion System Genes by VttR\n            <sub>A<\/sub>\n            \/VttR\n            <sub>B<\/sub>\n            but Does Not Contribute to Caco2-BBE Cell Cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Dziejman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01194-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01073-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(92)90046-Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1315-1317.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32834a88af"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907787106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease","volume":"7","author":"Colwell RR","year":"2004","unstructured":"ColwellRR. 2004. 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