{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:55Z","timestamp":1790665495921,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            is an emerging sexually transmitted infection and in women is associated with notable reproductive tract syndromes such as cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. Investigations into the causal relationships of\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            infections and clinical disease have been hindered largely by the lack of a well-established small-animal model of genital tract infection. To establish a murine model, female Swiss Webster mice were conditioned with either progesterone or estradiol and then inoculated intravaginally with\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            type strain G37 or a contemporary Danish strain, M2300. Persistent lower tract infection was observed at up to 77 days postinoculation (d.p.i.). Upper reproductive tract colonization was observed as early as 3 d.p.i., with long-term infection observed in estradiol-treated (65%) and progesterone-treated (18%) animals. In the upper tract, more than 90% of\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            PCR-positive samples were from the uterus and oviducts. Ultimately, gross hydrosalpinx was observed 21 days to 10 weeks p.i. in approximately 60% of infected animals, suggesting the presence of tubal occlusion. In addition, dissemination of\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            to the knee tissues was observed as early as 7 d.p.i., with persistent infection detected at up to 28 d.p.i. Mice infected with\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            also developed specific antibodies to the major antigenic outer membrane protein MgPa, elongation factor Tu, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1\u03b1, and DnaK (Hsp70), indicating persistent infection despite robust humoral responses to infection. These findings provide strong experimental evidence that\n            <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n            can establish long-term infection of reproductive tract and joint tissues, with preliminary evidence of pathological reproductive tract outcomes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00840-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,8]],"date-time":"2009-12-08T05:23:37Z","timestamp":1260249817000},"page":"726-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n            Rapidly Disseminates to the Upper Reproductive Tracts and Knees of Female Mice following Vaginal Inoculation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Chris L.","family":"McGowin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-0436"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae Ann","family":"Spagnuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-0436"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Pyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77555-0436"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.1937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.027375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003618"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.9.1866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000237860.61298.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.2094-2097.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"619","volume":"23","year":"1990","unstructured":"Evans, G. S., D. F. Gibson, S. A. Roberts, T. M. Hind, and C. S. Potten. 1990. Proliferative changes in the genital tissue of female mice during the oestrous cycle. Cell Tissue Kinet.23:619-635.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.4.318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"97","volume":"74","year":"1993","unstructured":"Furr, P. M., and D. Taylor-Robinson. 1993. Factors influencing the ability of different mycoplasmas to colonize the genital tract of hormone-treated female mice. Int. J. Exp. Pathol.74:97-101.","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.9.3464-3472.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3282f3d9ac"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.030486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02056-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00239-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.2.286-291.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.1.46-50.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5699-5708.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"59","volume":"192","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson, S., and D. Pitcher. 2000. Distribution of ecto 5\u2032-nucleotidase on Mycoplasma species associated with arthritis. FEMS Microbiol. Lett.192:59-65.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00674-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2005.00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05911.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4876-4878.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00845-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2005.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328323da3e"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.009100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-4-1045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01962172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000148299.14513.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00048-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.6.1101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-50-4-383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.Supplement_1.S280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"319","volume":"61","year":"1985","unstructured":"Taylor-Robinson, D., P. M. Furr, and N. F. Hanna. 1985. Microbiological and serological study of non-gonococcal urethritis with special reference to Mycoplasma genitalium. Genitourin. Med.61:319-324.","journal-title":"Genitourin. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(90)90071-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","first-page":"561","volume":"23","year":"1987","unstructured":"Taylor-Robinson, D., P. M. Furr, J. G. Tully, M. F. Barile, and B. R. Moller. 1987. Animal models of Mycoplasma genitalium urogenital infection. Isr. J. Med. Sci.23:561-564.","journal-title":"Isr. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02111830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"605","volume":"67","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tuffrey, M., P. Falder, J. Gale, and D. Taylor-Robinson. 1986. Salpingitis in mice induced by human strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. Br. J. Exp. Pathol.67:605-616.","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1851-1855.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92461-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/020735-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199705000-00009"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00840-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00840-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:25:56Z","timestamp":1646472356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00840-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00840-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00840-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-11-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}