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Various markers demonstrate significant phylogenetic separation between and clustering among isolates from acute and chronic human disease. The clinical and pathological responses to infection with phase I<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>isolates from the following four genomic groups were evaluated in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice and in guinea pig infection models: group I (Nine Mile, African, and Ohio), group IV (Priscilla and P), group V (G and S), and group VI (Dugway). Isolates from all of the groups produced disease in the SCID mouse model, and genogroup-consistent trends were noted in cytokine production in response to infection in the immunocompetent-mouse model. Guinea pigs developed severe acute disease when aerosol challenged with group I isolates, mild to moderate acute disease in response to group V isolates, and no acute disease when infected with group IV and VI isolates.<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>isolates have a range of disease potentials; isolates within the same genomic group cause similar pathological responses, and there is a clear distinction in strain virulence between these genomic groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00851-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,29]],"date-time":"2009-09-29T00:49:35Z","timestamp":1254185375000},"page":"5640-5650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["<i>Coxiella burnetii<\/i>Isolates Cause Genogroup-Specific Virulence in Mouse and Guinea Pig Models of Acute Q Fever"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"K. 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