{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:24:52Z","timestamp":1791149092495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that infects the intestinal epithelium and utilizes actin-based motility to spread from cell to cell.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            actin-based motility has been characterized in various cell lines, but studies in intestinal cells are limited. Here we characterized\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            actin-based motility in HT-29 intestinal cells. In agreement with studies conducted in various cell lines, we showed that\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            relies on neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (N-WASP) in HT-29 cells. We tested the potential role of various tyrosine kinases involved in N-WASP activation and uncovered a previously unappreciated role for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in actin tail formation in intestinal cells. We showed that Btk depletion led to a decrease in N-WASP phosphorylation which affected N-WASP recruitment to the bacterial surface, decreased the number of bacteria displaying actin-based motility, and ultimately affected the efficiency of spread from cell to cell. Finally, we showed that the levels of N-WASP phosphorylation and Btk expression were increased in response to infection, which suggests that\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. flexneri<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection not only triggers the production of proinflammatory factors as previously described but also manipulates cellular processes required for dissemination in intestinal cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00853-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T04:43:06Z","timestamp":1355200986000},"page":"598-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Shigella flexneri Dissemination in HT-29 Intestinal Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ana-Maria","family":"Dragoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur M.","family":"Talman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Agaisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02818608"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2004.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kve197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.10.2767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.6.1319"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6572"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.12.5664-5668.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"210","article-title":"Unipolar localization and ATPase activity of IcsA, a Shigella flexneri protein involved in intracellular movement","volume":"2","author":"Goldberg MB","year":"1993","unstructured":"GoldbergMBBarzuOParsotCSansonettiPJ. 1993. 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