{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:19:51Z","timestamp":1790374791135,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alabama Ornithological Society"},{"name":"Birmingham Audubon Society"},{"name":"Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014287","name":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Environmental Research Council","award":["NE\/M00256X1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/M00256X1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006405","name":"American Ornithologists' Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            While direct contact may sometimes be sufficient to allow a pathogen to jump into a new host species, in other cases, fortuitously adaptive mutations that arise in the original donor host are also necessary. Viruses have been the focus of most host shift studies, so less is known about the importance of ecological versus evolutionary processes to successful bacterial host shifts. Here we tested whether direct contact with the novel host was sufficient to enable the mid-1990s jump of the bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma gallisepticum<\/jats:named-content>\n            from domestic poultry to house finches (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemorhous mexicanus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ). We experimentally inoculated house finches with two genetically distinct\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. gallisepticum<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains obtained either from poultry (Rlow) or from house finches (HF1995) during an epizootic outbreak. All 15 house finches inoculated with HF1995 became infected, whereas Rlow successfully infected 12 of 15 (80%) inoculated house finches. Comparisons among infected birds showed that, relative to HF1995, Rlow achieved substantially lower bacterial loads in the host respiratory mucosa and was cleared faster. Furthermore, Rlow-infected finches were less likely to develop clinical symptoms than HF1995-infected birds and, when they did, displayed milder conjunctivitis. The lower infection success of Rlow relative to HF1995 was not, however, due to a heightened host antibody response to Rlow. Taken together, our results indicate that contact between infected poultry and house finches was not, by itself, sufficient to explain the jump of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. gallisepticum<\/jats:named-content>\n            to house finches. Instead, mutations arising in the original poultry host would have been necessary for successful pathogen emergence in the novel finch host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00863-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T12:02:50Z","timestamp":1515412970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bacterial Pathogen Emergence Requires More than Direct Contact with a Novel Passerine Host"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Molly","family":"Staley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey E.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe C.","family":"Josefson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Armbruster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Bonneaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Cornwall, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3219"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02687.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/438575a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00004-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2010.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409608102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00442-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05150.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evq031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909285106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.0290"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002844"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(99)00075-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2007.00065.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0301.970110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0384"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080551197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.2.317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1590808"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26427-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.058560-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.24.11470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.17.4849-4855.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.7.4338-4345.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.6839-6845.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00622.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4238-4244.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00112-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.931-939.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802499100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195148480.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1593013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","volume-title":"tpsDig 2, 2.16 ed. Distributed by Morphometrics","author":"Rohlf FJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rohlf FJ. 2010. tpsDig 2, 2.16 ed. Distributed by Morphometrics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY. http:\/\/life.bio.sunysb.edu\/morph\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","volume-title":"tpsUtil, 1.46 ed. Distributed by Morphometrics","author":"Rohlf FJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rohlf FJ. 2010. tpsUtil, 1.46 ed. Distributed by Morphometrics, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY. http:\/\/life.bio.sunysb.edu\/morph\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450802216629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00863-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00863-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T10:57:01Z","timestamp":1646477821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00863-17"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guy H.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00863-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00863-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00863-17"}}