{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T01:40:29Z","timestamp":1790991629315,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Molecular mimicry between lipooligosaccharides (LOS) of\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            and gangliosides in peripheral nerves plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            -related Guillain-Barre\u0301 syndrome (GBS). We have analyzed the LOS outer core structures of 26\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            strains associated with GBS and its variant, Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Sixteen out of 22 (73%) GBS-associated and all 4 (100%) MFS-associated strains expressed LOS with ganglioside mimics. GM1a was the most prevalent ganglioside mimic in GBS-associated strains (10\/22, 45%), and in eight of these strains, GM1a was found in combination with GD1a mimics. All seven strains isolated from patients with ophthalmoplegia (GBS or MFS) expressed disialylated (GD3 or GD1c) mimics. Three out of 22 GBS-associated strains (14%) did not express sialylated ganglioside mimics because their LOS locus lacked the genes necessary for sialylation. Three other strains (14%) did not express ganglioside mimics because of frameshift mutations in either the\n            <jats:italic>cstII<\/jats:italic>\n            sialyltransferase gene or the\n            <jats:italic>cgtB<\/jats:italic>\n            galactosyltransferase gene. It is not possible to determine if these mutations were already present during\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            infection. This is the first report in which mass spectrometry combined with DNA sequence data were used to infer the LOS outer core structures of a large number of neuropathy-associated\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. We conclude that molecular mimicry between gangliosides and\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            LOS is the presumable pathogenic mechanism in most cases of\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            -related GBS. However, our findings suggest that in some cases, other mechanisms may play a role. Further examination of the disease etiology in these patients is mandatory.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00872-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T17:24:59Z","timestamp":1170437099000},"page":"1245-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Structural Characterization of\n            <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n            Lipooligosaccharide Outer Cores Associated with Guillain-Barre\u0301 and Miller Fisher Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Peggy C. R.","family":"Godschalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Kuijf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology"},{"name":"Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"St. Michael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Wim","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart C.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology"},{"name":"Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Karwaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Brochu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Moterassed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Disease Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert P.","family":"Endtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"van Belkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.3.1202-1208.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00369-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.2122-2125.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20734.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00167a032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01123-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.10.1911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3346-3349.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2297-2301.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"219","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilbert, M., P. 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