{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:19Z","timestamp":1789181839960,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although most T lymphocytes express the \u03b1\u03b2 T-cell receptor and either CD4 or CD8 molecules, a small population of cells lacking these coreceptors, CD4<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>(double negative [DN]) T cells, has been identified in the peripheral immune system of mice and humans. To better understand the role that this population may have in the human immune response against<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>spp., a detailed study defining the activation state, cytokine profile, and the heterogeneity of DN T cells bearing \u03b1\u03b2 or \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell receptors was performed with a group of well-defined cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Strikingly, on average 75% of DN T cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients expressed the \u03b1\u03b2 T-cell receptor, with the remainder expressing the \u03b3\u03b4 receptor, while healthy donors displayed the opposite distribution with \u223c75% of the DN T cells expressing the \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell receptor. Additionally, \u03b1\u03b2 DN T cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients are compatible with previous antigen exposure and recent activation. Moreover, while \u03b1\u03b2 DN T cells from<jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-infected individuals present a proinflammatory cytokine profile, \u03b3\u03b4 DN T cells express a regulatory profile exemplified by interleukin-10 production. The balance between these subpopulations could allow for the formation of an effective cellular response while limiting its pathogenic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00890-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1161385067000},"page":"6317-6323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Disparate Immunoregulatory Potentials for Double-Negative (CD4<sup>\u2212<\/sup>CD8<sup>\u2212<\/sup>) \u03b1\u03b2 and \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells from Human Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Lis R. 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