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PBMC-derived proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and the cytokines\/chemokines in the supernatant were assessed using a cytokine array. Exposure to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. viverrini<\/jats:named-content>induced increases in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, costimulating protein, adhesion molecules, and chemotactic chemokines relative to untreated controls. In contrast, secretion of the CD40 ligand, interleukin 16, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b2 decreased. Proteomic analysis revealed that expression of 48 proteins was significantly altered in PBMCs stimulated with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. viverrini<\/jats:named-content>. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) was selected for further study, and immunoblotting showed upregulation of ANXA1 expression in PBMCs after 12 and 24 h coculture with liver flukes. In an<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>study, transcription and translation of ANXA1 significantly increased in livers of hamsters infected with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. viverrini<\/jats:named-content>at 21 days and from 3 months onwards compared to normal controls. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed that ANXA1 was present not only in the cytoplasm of inflammatory cells but also in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes, which are in close contact with the parasite and its excretory\/secretory products in the biliary system. Expression of ANXA1 increased with time concomitant with bile duct enlargement, bile duct formation, and epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, several cytokines\/chemokines secreted by PBMCs and upregulation of ANXA1 in PBMCs and biliary epithelial cells might have a role in host defense against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">O. viverrini<\/jats:named-content>infection and tissue resolution of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00901-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T01:23:35Z","timestamp":1394501015000},"page":"2135-2147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cytokine\/Chemokine Secretion and Proteomic Identification of Upregulated Annexin A1 from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Cocultured with the Liver Fluke Opisthorchis viverrini"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Nuttanan","family":"Hongsrichan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitti","family":"Intuyod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Porntip","family":"Pinlaor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarinya","family":"Khoontawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puangrat","family":"Yongvanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaisiri","family":"Wongkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sittiruk","family":"Roytrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somchai","family":"Pinlaor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"},{"name":"Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis","volume":"100","author":"IARC","year":"2012","unstructured":"IARC. 2012. 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