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The spectrum of such infections in general includes inflammation and bacterial sepsis. Hospital-acquired pneumonia, naturally resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, is associated with a particularly high mortality rate in mechanically ventilated patients. The pathogenesis of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>is complex and mediated by several virulence factors, as well as cell-associated factors. We have previously demonstrated that stimulation with different bacteria triggers the cytokine response of thymocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>and its different components on the cytokine production of immature and mature immune cells. We found that the induced cytokine pattern in the thymus and the spleen after infections with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>is primarily mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer cell membrane, but other components of the bacterium can influence the cytokine secretion as well. Stimulation with heat-killed<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>and LPS does not influence the amount of cytokine-producing CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells but instead suppresses the emergence of Th17 cells. However, stimulation with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>or its components triggers the interleukin-17 (IL-17) response both in thymocytes and in splenocytes. We conclude that infections with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>affect the cytokine secretion of immature and mature cells and that IL-17 and Th17 cells play only a minor role in the development of pathological systemic inflammatory disease conditions during<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>infections. Therefore, other inflammatory immune responses must be responsible for septic reactions of the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00905-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T03:43:26Z","timestamp":1456199006000},"page":"1413-1423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Bacterial Components Influence the Cytokine Response in Thymocytes and Splenocytes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical 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