{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:50:14Z","timestamp":1791647414941,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Embedded in the colonic mucus are cathelicidins, small cationic peptides secreted by colonic epithelial cells. Humans and mice have one cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) each, LL-37\/hCAP-18 and Cramp, respectively, with related structure and functions. Altered production of MUC2 mucin and antimicrobial peptides is characteristic of intestinal amebiasis. The interactions between MUC2 mucin and cathelicidins in conferring innate immunity against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>are not well characterized. In this study, we quantified whether MUC2 expression and release could regulate the expression and secretion of cathelicidin LL-37 in colonic epithelial cells and in the colon. The synthesis of LL-37 was enhanced with butyrate (a product of bacterial fermentation) and interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) (a proinflammatory cytokine in colitis) in the presence of exogenously added purified MUC2. The LL-37 responses to butyrate and IL-1\u03b2 were higher in high-MUC2-producing cells than in lentivirus short hairpin RNA (shRNA) MUC2-silenced cells. Activation of cyclic adenylyl cyclase (AMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways was necessary for the simultaneous expression of MUC2 and cathelicidins. In Muc2 mucin-deficient (<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice, murine cathelicidin (<jats:italic>Cramp<\/jats:italic>) was significantly reduced compared to that in<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>littermates.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>-induced acute inflammation in colonic loops stimulated high levels of cathelicidin in<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>but not in<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>littermates. In dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in<jats:italic>Muc2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>mice, which depletes the mucus barrier and goblet cell mucin,<jats:italic>Cramp<\/jats:italic>expression was significantly enhanced during restitution. These studies demonstrate regulatory mechanisms between MUC2 and cathelicidins in the colonic mucosa where an intact mucus barrier is essential for expression and secretion of cathelicidins in response to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica-<\/jats:named-content>and DSS-induced colitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00905-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T02:20:42Z","timestamp":1484014842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["MUC2 Mucin and Butyrate Contribute to the Synthesis of the Antimicrobial Peptide Cathelicidin in Response to Entamoeba histolytica- and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Eduardo R.","family":"Cobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Kissoon-Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"France","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Holani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Chadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803124105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.20.13088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-002-0350-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.953-963.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12830-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.838-844.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00227-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600623103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05029-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.3.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.43.2.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200606000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2006.02399.x","article-title":"Control of the innate epithelial antimicrobial response is cell-type specific and dependent on relevant microenvironmental stimuli","volume":"118","author":"Schauber J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schauber J Dorschner RA Yamasaki K Brouha B Gallo RL . 2006. 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