{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:50:32Z","timestamp":1791341432161,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phagocytosis resistance is an important virulence factor in<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>Dictyostelium<\/jats:italic>has been used to study the interaction between phagocytes and bacteria because of its similarity to mammalian macrophages. In this study, we used a<jats:italic>Dictyostelium<\/jats:italic>model to investigate genes for resistance to phagocytosis in NTUH-K2044, a strain of<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>causing pyogenic liver abscess that is highly resistant to phagocytosis. A total of 2,500 transposon mutants were screened by plaque assay, and 29 of them permitted phagocytosis by<jats:italic>Dictyostelium<\/jats:italic>. In the 29 mutants, six loci were identified; three were capsular synthesis genes. Of the other three, one was related to carnitine metabolism, one encoded a subunit of protease (<jats:italic>clpX<\/jats:italic>), and one encoded a lipopolysaccharide O-antigen transporter (<jats:italic>wzm<\/jats:italic>). Deletion and complementation of these genes showed that only \u0394<jats:italic>clpX<\/jats:italic>and \u0394<jats:italic>wzm<\/jats:italic>mutants became susceptible to<jats:italic>Dictyostelium<\/jats:italic>phagocytosis, and their complementation restored the phagocytosis resistance phenotype. These two mutants were also susceptible to phagocytosis by human neutrophils and revealed attenuated virulence in a mouse model, implying that they play important roles in the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, we demonstrated that<jats:italic>clpP<\/jats:italic>, which exists in an operon with<jats:italic>clpX<\/jats:italic>, was also involved in resistance to phagocytosis. The transcriptional profile of \u0394<jats:italic>clpX<\/jats:italic>was examined by microarray analysis and revealed a 3-fold lower level of expression of capsular synthesis genes. Therefore, we have identified genes involved in resistance to phagocytosis in<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>using<jats:italic>Dictyostelium<\/jats:italic>, and this model is useful to explore genes associated with resistance to phagocytosis in heavily encapsulated bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00906-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,21]],"date-time":"2010-12-21T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1292907182000},"page":"997-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Use of a<i>Dictyostelium<\/i>Model for Isolation of Genetic Loci Associated with Phagocytosis and Virulence in<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Yi-Jiun","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ru","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Town","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"684","year":"2003","unstructured":"Abbot, S. 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