{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:57:34Z","timestamp":1791262654235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryptosporidiosis is an important diarrheal disease of humans and neonatal livestock caused by<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>spp. that infect epithelial cells. Recovery from<jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>parvum<\/jats:italic>infection in adult hosts involves CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells with a strong Th1 component, but mechanisms of immunity in neonates are not well characterized. In the present investigation with newborn mice, similar acute patterns of infection were obtained in C57BL\/6 wild-type (WT) and T and B cell-deficient Rag2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. In comparison with uninfected controls, the proportion of intestinal CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>or CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells did not increase in infected WT mice during recovery from infection. Furthermore, infection in neonatal WT mice depleted of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells was not exacerbated. Ten weeks after WT and Rag2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice had been infected as neonates, no patent infections could be detected. Treatment at this stage with the immunosuppressive drug dexamethasone produced patent infections in Rag2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice but not WT mice. Expression of inflammatory markers, including gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) and interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), was higher in neonatal WT mice than in Rag2<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice around the peak of infection, but IL-10 expression was also higher in WT mice. These results suggest that although CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells may be important for elimination of<jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>, these cells are dispensable for controlling the early acute phase of infection in neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00922-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T03:37:51Z","timestamp":1296531471000},"page":"1647-1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells Are Not Essential for Control of Early Acute<i>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/i>Infection in Neonatal Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Korbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah M.","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Di Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innate Immunity Unit, Immunology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.2.697-699.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00377-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503748"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[1014:STCPII]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra013170"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00170-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.50.4.458-483.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.43.3.856-859.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8425-8428.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00072-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3634-3637.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9838.2004.00676.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"209","year":"2008","unstructured":"McDonald, V. 2008. 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