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We recently demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs), which are critical components of adaptive immunity, are highly susceptible to<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>infection. Furthermore,<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>prevented the infected DCs from engaging in maturation processes and impaired their capacity to present antigen to naive T cells and to secrete interleukin-12 (IL-12). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phenotype is largely associated with the virulence of<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>. Depending on whether they express the O-side chain of LPS or not, the bacteria display a smooth or rough phenotype. Rough<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>mutants are attenuated and induce a potent protective T-cell-dependent immune response. Due to the essential role of DCs in the initiation of T-cell-dependent adaptive immune responses, it seemed pertinent to study the interaction between rough<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>strains and human DCs. In the present paper, we report that, in contrast to smooth bacteria, infection of DCs with rough mutants of<jats:italic>Brucella suis<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>leads to both phenotypic and functional maturation of infected cells. Rough mutant-infected DCs then acquire the capacity to produce IL-12 and to stimulate naive CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T lymphocytes. Experiments with rough and smooth purified LPS of<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>supported the hypothesis of an indirect involvement of the O-side chain. These results provide new data concerning the role of LPS in<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>virulence strategy and illuminate phenomena contributing to immune protection conferred by rough vaccine strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00931-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T00:34:25Z","timestamp":1192494865000},"page":"5916-5923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Interaction of<i>Brucella suis<\/i>and<i>Brucella abortus<\/i>Rough Strains with Human Dendritic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Billard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Montpellier 1, Centre d'e\u0301tude d'agents Pathoge\u0300nes et Biothechnologies pour la Sante\u0301 (CPBS)"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Universite\u0301 Montpellier 2, F-34965 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Dornand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Montpellier 1, Centre d'e\u0301tude d'agents Pathoge\u0300nes et Biothechnologies pour la Sante\u0301 (CPBS)"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Universite\u0301 Montpellier 2, F-34965 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite\u0301 Montpellier 1, Centre d'e\u0301tude d'agents Pathoge\u0300nes et Biothechnologies pour la Sante\u0301 (CPBS)"},{"name":"CNRS, UMR 5236, CPBS, Universite\u0301 Montpellier 2, F-34965 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.4.1070-1079.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v26.i5.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1205755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8418-8424.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00637-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.032514299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.10.6792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4528-4535.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.176-186.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08547.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2508(96)81383-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.8.5182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-004-0167-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.7.4407-4416.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6784","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6784","volume":"162","year":"1999","unstructured":"Forestier, C., E. 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