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This study aimed to compare the capacities of different species of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            species complex to induce cytokines and antimicrobial molecules in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus bacillisporus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. deuterogattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            induced the lowest levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), and IL-6 among the five species of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus deuterogattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            induced higher levels of IL-22 than those induced by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. tetragattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            and the environmental species\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. flavescens<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In addition,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. bacillisporus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. gattii sensu stricto<\/jats:named-content>\n            proliferated inside human monocyte-derived macrophages after 24 h of infection. All\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus<\/jats:named-content>\n            species were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human PBMCs, with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. bacillisporus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. deuterogattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            being more efficient than the other species. In conclusion,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. bacillisporus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. deuterogattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            induce lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 and higher ROS levels than those induced by the other species. Species of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus gattii<\/jats:named-content>\n            complex have different abilities to induce cytokine and ROS production by human PBMCs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00958-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]],"date-time":"2018-01-09T12:00:13Z","timestamp":1515499213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differential\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n            Cytokine Induction by the Species of Cryptococcus gattii Complex"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-1102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia F.","family":"Herkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferry","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Ribeiro-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7034-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Queiroz-Telles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communitarian Health Department, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai G.","family":"Netea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Radboud Center of Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3253-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques F.","family":"Meis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital (CWZ), Nijmegen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc\/CWZ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo A. 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