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We have previously shown that interleukin-15 (IL-15) inhibition without antibiotics is beneficial in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>-induced arthritis. We therefore hypothesized that the inhibition of IL-15, in combination with antibiotics, might represent a useful therapy that would reduce inflammation and joint destruction but preserve the host's ability to clear the infection. Female wild-type C57BL\/6 mice were intravenously inoculated with the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)-producing LS-1 strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>with 0.8 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>CFU<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>LS-1\/mouse. Three days later, treatment consisting of cloxacillin, followed by flucloxacillin, together with either anti-IL-15 antibodies (aIL-15ab) or control antibodies, was started. Studied outcomes included survival, weight change, bacterial clearance, and joint damage. The addition of aIL-15ab to antibiotics in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>-induced arthritis reduced synovitis and bone erosions compared to controls. The number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the joints was reduced, whereas cartilage destruction was not significantly altered. Importantly, the combination therapy did not adversely affect the clinical outcome of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus-<\/jats:named-content>induced arthritis, such as survival or weight change, or compromise the host's ability to clear the infection. Since the clinical outcome of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus-<\/jats:named-content>induced arthritis was not affected, the addition of aIL-15ab to antibiotics ought to be safe. Taken together, the combination of aIL-15ab and antibiotics is a beneficial, but not optimal, treatment of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>-induced arthritis since it reduces synovitis and bone erosions but has a limited effect on cartilage destruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00960-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T11:44:36Z","timestamp":1518522276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibiotics with Interleukin-15 Inhibition Reduce Joint Inflammation and Bone Erosions but Not Cartilage Destruction in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Berglind","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Jirholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain B.","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf H.","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Gjertsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.527-544.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-002-1049-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301001110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200005000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.7.2804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.5.2754","article-title":"A novel role of IL-15 in the development of osteoclasts: inability to replace its activity with IL-2","volume":"162","author":"Ogata Y","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ogata Y, Kukita A, Kukita T, Komine M, Miyahara A, Miyazaki S, Kohashi O. 1999. 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