{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:03:02Z","timestamp":1787727782287,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serotype Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid fever, produces the Vi capsular antigen, a virulence factor absent in<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serotype Typhimurium. Previous studies suggest that the capsule-encoding<jats:italic>viaB<\/jats:italic>locus reduces inflammatory responses in intestinal tissue; however, there are currently no data regarding the in vivo expression of this locus. Here we implemented direct and indirect methods to localize and detect Vi antigen expression within polarized intestinal epithelial cells and in the bovine ileal mucosa. We report that<jats:italic>tviB<\/jats:italic>, a gene necessary for Vi production in<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhi, was significantly upregulated during invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. During infection of bovine ligated loops,<jats:italic>tviB<\/jats:italic>was expressed at levels significantly higher in calf tissue than those in the inoculum. The presence of the Vi capsular antigen was detected in calf ileal tissue via fluorescence microscopy. Together, these results support the concept that expression of the Vi capsular antigen is induced when<jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>Typhi transits from the intestinal lumen into the ileal mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00972-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T02:44:45Z","timestamp":1257821085000},"page":"527-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The<i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>Serotype Typhi Vi Capsular Antigen Is Expressed after the Bacterium Enters the Ileal Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Quynh T.","family":"Tran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Khare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara D.","family":"Lawhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Raffatellu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8645"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Ba\u0308umler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-8645"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharani","family":"Ajithdoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soma","family":"Dhavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Garry","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-09352003000400005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00976.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7254-7261.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(02)58080-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02821.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"346","volume":"82","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crump, J. A., S. P. Luby, and E. D. Mintz. 2004. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull. World Health Organ.82:346-353.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02593.x","volume":"41","year":"2001","unstructured":"Daigle, F., J. E. Graham, and R. Curtiss III. 2001. Identification of Salmonella typhi genes expressed within macrophages by selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS). Mol. Microbiol.41:1211-1222.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03313.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509183103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"163","volume":"192","year":"1994","unstructured":"Finlay, B. B. 1994. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of Salmonella pathogenesis. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.192:163-185.","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1131-1134.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(01)01411-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.5.1430-1436.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.14.4456-4465.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01099.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(00)82210-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10251.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.5.1326-1333.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197009242831306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91316-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00186-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"949","volume":"12","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kraus, M. D., B. Amatya, and Y. Kimula. 1999. Histopathology of typhoid enteritis: morphologic and immunophenotypic findings. Mod. Pathol.12:949-955.","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)00058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81551-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200104263441701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.9.4237-4243.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.170.6.2575-2583.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05171-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12931.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"252","volume":"9","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mukawi, T. J. 1978. Histopathological study of typhoid perforation of the small intestines. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health9:252-255.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421555"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35101607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.9.3984-3993.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01894.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3367-3374.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.19-27.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01571-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.7817-7826.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.146-154.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.3.436"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00888-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.4.901"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.7.3084-3089.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00706-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.6.1691-1698.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-12-3039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01283.x"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00972-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00972-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T14:42:24Z","timestamp":1710686544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00972-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.00972-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00972-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-10-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}