{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T08:37:11Z","timestamp":1789807031805,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes acute and chronic Q fever in humans. Human Q fever is mainly transmitted by aerosol infection. However, there is a fundamental gap in the knowledge regarding the mechanisms of pulmonary immunity against\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. This study focused on understanding the interaction between\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n and innate immune cells\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n . Both virulent\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n Nine Mile phase I (NMI) and avirulent Nine Mile phase II (NMII) were able to infect neutrophils, while the infection rates were lower than 29%, suggesting that\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n can infect neutrophils, but infection is limited. Interestingly,\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n inside neutrophils can infect and replicate within macrophages, suggesting that neutrophils cannot kill\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n and\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n may be using infection of neutrophils as an evasive strategy to infect macrophages. To elucidate the mechanisms of the innate immune response to\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n natural infection, SCID mice were exposed to aerosolized\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n . Surprisingly, neutrophil influx into the lungs was delayed until day 7 postinfection in both NMI- and NMII-infected mice. This result suggests that neutrophils may play a unique role in the early immune response against aerosolized\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n . Studying the interaction between\n C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>\n and the innate immune system can provide a model system for understanding how the bacteria evade early immune responses to cause infection.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00973-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T05:24:33Z","timestamp":1380605073000},"page":"4604-4614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Coxiella burnetii Interaction with Neutrophils and Macrophages\n In Vitro<\/i>\n and in SCID Mice following Aerosol Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70052-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.5.1144-1150.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m56-036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00406-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0047TR"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01487042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.5.3355"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902093200606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01011-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03087.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00594-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc06c01s15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1401s83"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.02.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00101-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200738067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501863102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.2075-2080.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00075-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2469-2477.2005"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00973-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.00973-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T20:14:01Z","timestamp":1646424841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.00973-13"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. 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