{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:38:52Z","timestamp":1787067532644,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n                    outer membrane protein HopZ is regulated by a phase-variable CT repeat and occurs in two distinct allelic variants. Whole-genome comparisons of isolates from one human volunteer recently provided evidence for\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    selection for the\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    ON status. We explored the frequency of sequence variation in\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    during acute and chronic human infection and studied the association of\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the phylogeographic population structure of\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori. hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    ON variants were cultured from 24 out of 33 volunteers challenged with the\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    OFF strain BCS 100. Transmission of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n                    within families was also frequently associated with a status change of\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast,\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences obtained from 26 sets of sequential isolates from chronically infected individuals showed no changes of status, suggesting that the\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    status selected during early infection is subsequently stable. Mutations leading to amino acid changes in HopZ occurred more frequently in ON than in OFF status isolates during chronic infection, indicating that sequence changes are more likely the result of positive selection in ON isolates than of a loss of negative selection pressure in OFF isolates. Analysis of 63 isolates from chronically infected individuals revealed no significant correlation of\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    status with chronic atrophic gastritis.\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences were obtained from a globally representative collection of 54\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains. All\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">H. pylori<\/jats:named-content>\n                    populations contained\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive isolates. The data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>hopZ<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been acquired and split into the two variants before the human migration out of Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00977-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T02:04:49Z","timestamp":1349143489000},"page":"4364-4373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["<i>In Vivo<\/i>\n                    Sequence Variation in HopZ, a Phase-Variable Outer Membrane Protein of Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"Kennemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Brenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6nke","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Smittskyddsinstitutet (SMI), Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Engstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Smittskyddsinstitutet (SMI), Solna, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Aebischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Josenhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Suerbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.145839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4155-4168.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410008141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00386-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8018146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2821-2824.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00485-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.23.1881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1095"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508426"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080857"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.13.4212-4217.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12778"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.052738"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","first-page":"974","article-title":"Iatrogenic Campylobacter pylori infection is a cause of epidemic achlorhydria","volume":"83","author":"Graham DY","year":"1988","unstructured":"GrahamDYAlpertLCSmithJLYoshimuraHH. 1988. 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