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Carbonic anhydrases (CA) catalyze the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate and are involved in functions such as CO\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            transport or trapping and pH homeostasis.\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            encodes a periplasmic \u03b1-CA (\u03b1-CA-HP) and a cytoplasmic \u03b2-CA (\u03b2-CA-HP). Single CA inactivation and double CA inactivation were obtained for five genetic backgrounds, indicating that\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            CA are not essential for growth in vitro. Bicarbonate-carbon dioxide exchange rates were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using lysates of parental strains and CA mutants. Only the mutants defective in the \u03b1-CA-HP enzyme showed strongly reduced exchange rates. In\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            , urease activity is essential for acid resistance in the gastric environment. Urease activity measured using crude cell extracts was not modified by the absence of CA. With intact CA mutant cells incubated in acidic conditions (pH 2.2) in the presence of urea there was a delay in the increase in the pH of the incubation medium, a phenotype most pronounced in the absence of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03b1-CA. This correlated with a delay in acid activation of the urease as measured by slower ammonia production in whole cells. The role of CA in vivo was examined using the mouse model of infection with two mouse-adapted\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            strains, SS1 and X47-2AL. Compared to colonization by the wild-type strain, colonization by X47-2AL single and double CA mutants was strongly reduced. Colonization by SS1 CA mutants was not significantly different from colonization by wild-type strain SS1. However, when mice were infected by SS1 \u0394(\u03b2-CA-HP) or by a SS1 double CA mutant, the inflammation scores of the mouse gastric mucosa were strongly reduced. In conclusion, CA contribute to the urease-dependent response to acidity of\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            and are required for high-grade inflammation and efficient colonization by some strains.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00993-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,20]],"date-time":"2007-11-20T02:08:18Z","timestamp":1195524498000},"page":"497-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Roles of \u03b1 and \u03b2 Carbonic Anhydrases of\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            in the Urease-Dependent Response to Acidity and in Colonization of the Murine Gastric Mucosa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Ste\u0301phanie","family":"Bury-Mone\u0301","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L.","family":"Mendz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham E.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Thibonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Stingl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Ecobichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ave\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 d'Histopathologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Huerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 d'Histopathologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne\u0300s","family":"Labigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Thiberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"De Reuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Pathoge\u0301nie Bacte\u0301rienne des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(72)90068-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26129-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1932838100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1006\/jmra.1996.0004","volume":"118","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bain, A. 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