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Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2)-null mice infected with<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>did not display periodontal bone resorption in contrast to wild-type-infected and PAR-1-null-infected mice. Histological examination of tissues confirmed the lowered bone resorption in PAR-2-null mice and identified a substantial decrease in mast cells infiltrating the periodontal tissues of these mice. T cells from<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>-infected or immunized PAR-2-null mice proliferated less in response to antigen than those from wild-type animals. CD90 (Thy1.2) expression on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell-receptor \u03b2 (TCR\u03b2) T cells was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001) decreased in antigen-immunized PAR-2-null mice compared to sham-immunized PAR-2-null mice; this was not observed in wild-type controls. T cells from infected or antigen-immunized PAR-2-null mice had a significantly different Th1\/inflammatory cytokine profile from wild-type cells: in particular, gamma interferon, interleukins (interleukin-2, -3, and -17), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor alpha demonstrated lower expression than wild-type controls. The absence of PAR-2 therefore appears to substantially decrease T-cell activation and the Th1\/inflammatory response. Regulation of such proinflammatory mechanisms in T cells and mast cells by PAR-2 suggests a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01019-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,24]],"date-time":"2009-11-24T03:58:55Z","timestamp":1259035135000},"page":"629-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Has Pivotal Roles in Cellular Mechanisms Involved in Experimental Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roselind","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina A.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Tatarczuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Pagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil M.","family":"O'Brien-Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor J.","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRC for Oral Health Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(99)00237-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-4-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Color atlas of veterinary histology 2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60509-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.6.2804-2809.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)90055-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016350152509247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00601.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"921","volume":"1793","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barker, T. 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