{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:33:40Z","timestamp":1787016820344,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Indonesian thin-tail (ITT) sheep resist infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    by an immunological mechanism within 2 to 4 weeks of infection yet are susceptible to\n                    <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Studies of ITT sheep show that little liver damage occurs following\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, suggesting that the invading parasites are killed within the peritoneum or shortly after reaching the liver. We investigated whether cells isolated from the peritoneums of ITT sheep could kill newly excysted juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in vitro and act as a potential mechanism of resistance against\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Peritoneal cells from\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected sheep, rich in macrophages and eosinophils, mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    in vitro. Cytotoxicity was dependent on contact between the parasite and effector cells. Isolated mammary gland eosinophils of\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected sheep, or resident peritoneal monocytes\/macrophages from uninfected sheep, also killed the juvenile parasites in vitro. By using inhibitors, we show that the molecular mechanism of killing in these assays was dependent on the production of superoxide radicals by macrophages and eosinophils. In contrast, this cytotoxic mechanism was ineffective against juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    parasites in vitro. Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA levels showed that activity and gene expression were higher in\n                    <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    than in\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting a possible role for this enzyme in the resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    to superoxide-mediated killing. We suggest that ovine macrophages and eosinophils, acting in concert with a specific antibody, may be important effector cells involved in the resistance of ITT sheep to\n                    <jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01034-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,8]],"date-time":"2007-01-08T20:25:14Z","timestamp":1168287914000},"page":"1954-1963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Peritoneal Lavage Cells of Indonesian Thin-Tail Sheep Mediate Antibody-Dependent Superoxide Radical Cytotoxicity In Vitro against Newly Excysted Juvenile\n                    <i>Fasciola gigantica<\/i>\n                    but Not Juvenile\n                    <i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Piedrafita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Melbourne University, Victoria 3010, Australia"},{"name":"The Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, The Bancroft Centre, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endah","family":"Estuningsih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Pleasance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Melbourne University, Victoria 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoda","family":"Prowse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cooperative Research Center for Vaccine Technology, The Bancroft Centre, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman W.","family":"Raadsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales 2570, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els N. 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