{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:52:11Z","timestamp":1791294731667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            is responsible for the life-threatening food-borne disease listeriosis. This disease mainly affects elderly and immunocompromised individuals, causing bacteremia and meningoencephalitis. In pregnant women,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection leads to abortion and severe infection of the fetus or newborn. The\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            intracellular life cycle is critical for pathogenesis. Previous studies have established that the major virulence factor of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), is sufficient to induce\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            internalization into human epithelial cell lines. This internalization pathway strictly requires the formation of LLO pores in the plasma membrane and can be stimulated by the heterologous pore-forming toxin pneumolysin, suggesting that LLO acts nonspecifically by forming transmembrane pores. The present work tested the hypothesis that Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            fluxes subsequent to perforation by LLO control\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            internalization. We report that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            perforates the host cell plasma membrane in an LLO-dependent fashion at the early stage of invasion. In response to perforation, host cells undergo Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -dependent but K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -independent resealing of their plasma membrane. In contrast to the plasma membrane resealing process, LLO-induced\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            internalization requires both Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            fluxes. Further linking ion fluxes to bacterial internalization, treating cells with a combination of Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ionophores but not with individual ionophores is sufficient to induce efficient internalization of large cargoes, such as 1-\u03bcm polystyrene beads and bacteria. We propose that LLO-induced\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            internalization requires a Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            - and K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -dependent internalization pathway that is mechanistically distinct from the process of plasma membrane resealing.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01067-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1387859050000},"page":"1084-1091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Fluxes of Ca\n            <sup>2+<\/sup>\n            and K\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            Are Required for the Listeriolysin O-Dependent Internalization Pathway of Listeria monocytogenes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Vadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Seveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 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