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Mice lacking NOD1 showed increased susceptibility to systemic intraperitoneal and intravenous infection with high or low doses of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, as measured by the bacterial load and survival. NOD1 also controlled dissemination of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>into the brain. The increased susceptibility to reinfection of NOD1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice was not associated with impaired triggering of listeria-specific T cells, and similar levels of costimulatory molecules or activation of dendritic cells was observed. Higher numbers of F480<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Gr1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>inflammatory monocytes and lower numbers of F480<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>Gr1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>neutrophils were recruited into the peritoneum of infected WT mice than into the peritoneum of infected NOD1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. We determined that nonhematopoietic cells accounted for NOD1-mediated resistance to<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>in bone marrow radiation chimeras. The levels of NOD1 mRNA in fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were upregulated after infection with<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>or stimulation with different Toll-like receptor ligands. NOD1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>BMM, astrocytes, and fibroblasts all showed enhanced intracellular growth of<jats:italic>L monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>compared to WT controls. Gamma interferon-mediated nitric oxide production and inhibition of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>growth were hampered in NOD1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>BMM. Thus, NOD1 confers nonhematopoietic cell-mediated resistance to infection with<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>and controls intracellular bacterial growth in different cell populations in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01068-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,28]],"date-time":"2009-04-28T01:23:00Z","timestamp":1240881780000},"page":"2908-2918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Nonhematopoietic Cells Control the Outcome of Infection with<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>in a Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain 1-Dependent Manner"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Trumstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Soehnlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Heuts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Klos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Dittrich-Breiholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kracht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rudolf-Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Gie\u00dfen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A\u030asa","family":"Hidmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Wigzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Rottenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.3.888","volume":"150","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beckerman, K. 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