{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T15:07:49Z","timestamp":1775488069579,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1275350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Strain AM-19226 is a pathogenic non-O1\/non-O139 serogroup\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain that does not encode the toxin-coregulated pilus or cholera toxin but instead causes disease using a type three secretion system (T3SS). Two genes within the T3SS pathogenicity island, herein named\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            (locus tag A33_1664) and\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            (locus tag A33_1675), are predicted to encode proteins that show similarity to the transcriptional regulator ToxR, which is found in all strains of\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Strains with a deletion of\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            showed attenuated colonization\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , indicating that the T3SS-encoded regulatory proteins play a role in virulence.\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            transcriptional reporter fusions to intergenic regions upstream of genes encoding the T3SS structural components identified growth in the presence of bile as a condition that modulates gene expression. Under this condition, VttR\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            and VttR\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            were necessary for maximal gene expression. In contrast, growth in bile did not substantially alter the expression of a reporter fusion to the\n            <jats:italic>vopF<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, which encodes an effector protein. Increased\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            reporter fusion activity was observed in a \u0394\n            <jats:italic>vttR<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            strain background, suggesting that VttR\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            may regulate its own expression. The collective results are consistent with the hypothesis that T3SS-encoded regulatory proteins are essential for pathogenesis and control the expression of selected T3SS genes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01073-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,13]],"date-time":"2010-04-13T03:30:30Z","timestamp":1271129430000},"page":"2554-2570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["<i>vttR<\/i>\n            <sub>A<\/sub>\n            and\n            <i>vttR<\/i>\n            <sub>B<\/sub>\n            Encode ToxR Family Proteins That Mediate Bile-Induced Expression of Type Three Secretion System Genes in a Non-O1\/Non-O139\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            Strain"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Ashfaqul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Dziejman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6674-6679.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00029-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1315-1317.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"115","volume":"3","year":"2006","unstructured":"Begum, K., C. R. Ahsan, M. Ansaruzzaman, D. K. Dutta, Q. S. Ahmad, and K. A. Talukder. 2006. Toxin(s), other than cholera toxin, produced by environmental non O1 non O139 Vibrio cholerae. Cell. Mol. Immunol.3:115-121.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897008352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2628026100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-006-0133-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01620-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(75)90350-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00584-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01435-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2003.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01317-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00925.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.10.2715-2722.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.11.4086-4092.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.12.5403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.12.4310-4317.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01173.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409918102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308485100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00301-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"65","volume":"18","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gardel, C. L., and J. J. Mekalanos. 1994. Modus operandi of Vibrio cholerae: swim to arrive stop to kill. The relationship among chemotaxis, motility and virulence. J. Cell. Biochem.18A:65.","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00392-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.3.1131-1134.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.12.3794-3805.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"163","volume":"2","year":"1985","unstructured":"Honda, T., M. Arita, T. Takeda, M. Yoh, and T. Miwatani. 1985. Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae produces two newly identified toxins related to Vibrio parahaemolyticus haemolysin and Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. Lancet2(8447):163-164.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90359-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.2.379-433.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409559102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.5.1090-1093.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.3.864-869.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.4.527-543.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00032-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90515-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.8.4488-4493.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81551-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01699.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12659-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3529391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01094-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.1.1-7.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.11.3471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.163.2.580-585.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90430-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.10.2537-2543.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01184-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-001-0051-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.21.6807-6814.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"29","volume":"3","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peterson, K. M. 2002. Expression of Vibrio cholerae virulence genes in response to environmental signals. Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol.3:29-38.","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Intest. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.9.3642-3648.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6763-6769.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.170219997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1491-1497.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2008.0737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.6.2421-2429.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","first-page":"71","volume":"103","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rudra, S., R. Mahajan, M. Mathur, K. Kathuria, and V. Talwar. 1996. Cluster of cases of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae 010 in east Delhi. Indian J. Med. Res.103:71-73.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15328-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2007.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","unstructured":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual 1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.5.1508-1514.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06856.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.13.4039-4048.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802799200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","first-page":"357","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wachsmuth, I. K., \u00d8. Olsvik, G. M. Evins, and T. Popovic. 1994. Molecular epidemiology of cholera, p. 357-370. In I. K. Wachsmuth, P. A. Blake, and \u00d8. Olsvik (ed.), Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05412.x"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01073-09","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01073-09","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T09:42:38Z","timestamp":1646473358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01073-09"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01073-09"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01073-09","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-03-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}