{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:31:43Z","timestamp":1767900703160,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:named-content>being an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen, our recent study demonstrated that B cells play a critical role in vaccine-induced immunity to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection by producing protective antibodies. However, the role of B cells in host defense against primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether B cells play an important role in host defense against primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection. The results showed that peritoneal B cells were able to phagocytose virulent<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>bacteria and form<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Coxiella<\/jats:named-content>-containing vacuoles (CCVs) and that<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>can infect and replicate in peritoneal B1a subset B cells<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, demonstrating a potential role for peritoneal B cells in host defense against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In addition, the results showing that B1a cells secreted a high level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in response to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>suggest that B1a cells may play an important role in inhibiting the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection-induced inflammatory response. The observation that adoptive transfer of peritoneal B cells did not significantly affect the severity of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection-induced diseases in both severe combined immunity-deficient (SCID) and \u03bcMT mice indicates that peritoneal B cells alone may not be able to control<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection. In contrast, our finding that<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection induced more-severe splenomegaly and a higher bacterial burden in the spleens of B1a cell-deficient Bruton's tyrosine kinase x-linked immunity-deficient (BTK<jats:sup>xid<\/jats:sup>) mice than in their wild-type counterparts further suggests that B1a cells play an important role in host defense against primary<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. burnetii<\/jats:named-content>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01073-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:11:36Z","timestamp":1444090296000},"page":"4826-4836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Role of B Cells in Host Defense against Primary Coxiella burnetii Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Schoenlaub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Freches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri\u2014Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1.0750036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00876.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.92.3.404","article-title":"The influence of phase on the protective potentcy of Q fever vaccine","volume":"92","author":"Ormsbee RA","year":"1964","unstructured":"Ormsbee RA, Bell EJ, Lackman DB, Tallent G. 1964. 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