{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:07:50Z","timestamp":1791115670675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            To further unravel the mechanisms responsible for attenuation of the tuberculosis vaccine\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            BCG, comparative genomics was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that differed between sequenced strains of\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            BCG. SNPs were assayed in\n            <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from France and the United Kingdom and from different BCG vaccines in order to identify those that arose during the attenuation process which gave rise to BCG. Informative data sets were obtained for 658 SNPs from 21 virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and 13 BCG strains; these SNPs showed phylogenetic clustering that was consistent with the geographical origin of the strains and previous schemes for BCG genealogies. The data revealed a closer relationship between BCG Tice and BCG Pasteur than was previously appreciated, while we were able to position BCG Beijing within a grouping of BCG Denmark-derived strains. Only 186 SNPs were identified between virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and all BCG strains, with 115 nonsynonymous SNPs affecting important functions such as global regulators, transcriptional factors, and central metabolism, which might impact on virulence. We therefore refine previous genealogies of BCG vaccines and define a minimal set of SNPs between virulent\n            <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and the attenuated BCG strain that will underpin future functional analyses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01099-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]],"date-time":"2009-03-17T00:54:04Z","timestamp":1237251244000},"page":"2230-2238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A Comprehensive Survey of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) across\n            <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n            Strains and\n            <i>M. bovis<\/i>\n            BCG Vaccine Strains Refines the Genealogy and Defines a Minimal Set of SNPs That Separate Virulent\n            <i>M. bovis<\/i>\n            Strains and\n            <i>M. bovis<\/i>\n            BCG Strains"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"M. Carmen","family":"Garcia Pelayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Uplekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Keniry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mendoza Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unite\u0301 de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et Ge\u0301nomique des Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Nunez Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Boschiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agence Franc\u0327aise de Se\u0301curite\u0301 Sanitaire des Aliments, 23 avenue du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral-de-Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road No. 2, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Parkhill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for the Study of Evolution (CSE), University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QL, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Glyn","family":"Hewinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart T.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen V.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TB Research Group, VLA Weybridge, New Haw, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom"},{"name":"UCD Schools of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine"},{"name":"Medicine and Medical Science"},{"name":"Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences"},{"name":"UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507766103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.11.3392-3399.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00658-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.12.3394-3399.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/38151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5419.1520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11919"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700869104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"716","volume":"149","year":"1909","unstructured":"Calmette, A., and C. 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