{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:26:28Z","timestamp":1788247588602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease are usually accompanied by inflammatory changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the recruitment of activated T cells into the CSF compartment. In order to characterize the phenotype and identify target antigens of CSF-infiltrating T cells in early neuroborreliosis with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, we combined T-cell cloning, functional testing of T-cell responses with positional scanning synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries, and biometric data analysis. We demonstrate that CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    gamma interferon-producing T cells specifically responding to\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    lysate were present in the CSF of a patient with acute Lyme encephalitis. Some T-cell clones recognized previously uncharacterized\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    epitopes which show a specific enrichment for lysine, such as the heat shock-induced chaperone HSP90. Degenerate T-cell recognition that included T-cell responses to borrelia-specific and CNS-specific autoantigens derived from the myelin protein 2\u2032,3\u2032-cyclic nucleotide 3\u2032-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) could be demonstrated for one representative clone. Our results show that spirochetal antigen-specific and Th1-polarized CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes infiltrate the CSF during monophasic CNS symptoms of Lyme disease and demonstrate that cross-recognition of CNS antigens by\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific T cells is not restricted to chronic and treatment-resistant manifestations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01110-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,20]],"date-time":"2006-12-20T18:51:25Z","timestamp":1166640685000},"page":"243-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cerebrospinal Fluid-Infiltrating CD4\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells Recognize\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    Lysine-Enriched Protein Domains and Central Nervous System Autoantigens in Early Lyme Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jan D.","family":"Lu\u0308nemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Branch, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Gelderblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Branch, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Charite\u0301 Medical Center, Humboldt University, 10098 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Sospedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Branch, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (INiMS), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Clinic Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline A.","family":"Quandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Branch, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemencia","family":"Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mixture Science and Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Branch, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (INiMS), Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Clinic Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.1.1-9.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.9.5264-5269.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3181-3187.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(03)00086-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2187","volume":"130","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fleischer, B., and H. 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