{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:57:05Z","timestamp":1790985425614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Although\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            can infect a wide range of mammalian species, most studies have been conducted in golden Syrian hamsters, a species particularly sensitive to acute disease. Chronic disease has been well characterized in the rat, one of the natural reservoir hosts. Studies in another asymptomatic reservoir host, the mouse, have occasionally been done and have limited infection to mice younger than 6 weeks of age. We analyzed the outcome of sublethal infection of C3H\/HeJ mice older than age 10 weeks with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Copenhageni. Infection led to bloodstream dissemination of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which was followed by urinary shedding, body weight loss, hypothermia, and colonization of the kidney by live spirochetes 2 weeks after infection. In addition,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            dissemination triggered inflammation in the kidney but not in the liver or lung, as determined by increased levels of mRNA transcripts for the keratinocyte-derived chemokine, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1\u03b2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and gamma interferon in kidney tissue. The acquired humoral response to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection led to the production of IgG mainly of the IgG1 subtype. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes from infected mice revealed that cellular expansion was primarily due to an increase in the levels of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and double-negative T cells (not CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            cells) and that CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells acquired a CD44\n            <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n            CD62L\n            <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n            effector phenotype not accompanied by increases in memory T cells. A mouse model for sublethal\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection allows understanding of the bacterial and host factors that lead to immune evasion, which can result in acute or chronic disease or resistance to infection (protection).\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01115-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T02:18:33Z","timestamp":1443493113000},"page":"4693-4700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Mouse Model for Sublethal Leptospira interrogans Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Luciana","family":"Richer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari-Hara","family":"Potula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gomes-Solecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Immuno Technologies Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32289-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Leptospirosis in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: a case-control seroepidemiologic study","volume":"6","author":"Caldas EM","year":"1979","unstructured":"Caldas EM, Sampaio MB. 1979. Leptospirosis in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: a case-control seroepidemiologic study. 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Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group. Lancet 354:820\u2013825.","journal-title":"Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050569"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"591","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a Toll road from B lymphocytes","volume":"33","author":"Werts C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Werts C. 2010. Leptospirosis: a Toll road from B lymphocytes. 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