{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:15:56Z","timestamp":1790810156961,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Natural infection by\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    occurs via oral ingestion of tissue cysts that rupture in the small intestine, releasing zoites that infect locally before disseminating throughout the host. The studies presented here used fluorescent parasites combined with flow cytometry and multiphoton microscopy techniques to understand the events associated with parasite replication in the mucosa. At 3 days postinfection with tissue cysts, parasites were localized in small foci and flow cytometry revealed parasites present in macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes in the lamina propria. By day 6 postinfection, there were large foci of replicating parasites; however, foci unexpectedly varied in the number of villi involved and were associated with the presence of viable tachyzoites within the intestinal lumen. Consistent with the flow cytometry data, neutrophils and monocytes in the lamina propria were preferentially associated with parasite plaques. In contrast, dendritic cells comprised a small fraction of the infected immune cell population and were localized at the periphery of parasite plaques. Together, these findings reveal the formation of localized sites of parasite replication and inflammation early during infection and suggest that sustained replication of\n                    <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    in the gut may be a function of pathogen luminal spread.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01126-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T05:22:14Z","timestamp":1362460934000},"page":"1635-1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Replication and Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the Small Intestine after Oral Infection with Tissue Cysts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Beth","family":"Gregg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsy C.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elia D.","family":"Tait-Wojno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha M.","family":"Girgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagie","family":"Wagage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Penn Genome Frontiers Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1997.tb05965.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284282"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01289-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0666"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00486.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.02.295","article-title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy goats from 1982 to 1984","volume":"196","author":"Dubey JP","year":"1990","unstructured":"DubeyJPAdamsDS. 1990. 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