{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T01:18:30Z","timestamp":1778807910152,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Schistosomiasis affects nearly 40 million women of reproductive age. Many of these women are infected while pregnant and lactating. Several studies have demonstrated transplacental trafficking of schistosome antigens; however, little is known regarding how these antigens affect the developing fetus and placenta. To evaluate the impact of schistosomiasis on trophoblasts of the human placenta, we isolated primary trophoblast cells from healthy placentas delivered at term. These trophoblasts were placed in culture and treated with\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            soluble egg antigens (SEA) or plasma from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. japonicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected pregnant women. Outcomes measured included cytokine production and activation of signal transduction pathways. Treatment of primary human trophoblast cells with SEA resulted in upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 and the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b1 (MIP-1\u03b1). Cytokine production in response to SEA was dose dependent and reminiscent of production in response to other proinflammatory stimuli, such as Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 agonists. In addition, the signaling pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 (ERK1\/2), Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), p38, and NF-\u03baB were all activated by SEA in primary trophoblasts. These effects appeared to be mediated through both carbohydrate and protein epitopes of SEA. Finally, primary trophoblasts cocultured with plasma from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. japonicum<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected pregnant women produced increased levels of IL-8 compared to trophoblasts cocultured with plasma from uninfected pregnant women. We report here a direct impact of SEA on primary human trophoblast cells, which are critical for many aspects of a healthy pregnancy. Our data indicate that schistosome antigens can activate proinflammatory responses in trophoblasts, which might compromise maternal-fetal health in pregnancies complicated by schistosomiasis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01149-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T04:19:30Z","timestamp":1355804370000},"page":"704-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Schistosome Egg Antigens Elicit a Proinflammatory Response by Trophoblast Cells of the Human Placenta"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Emily A.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Kurtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Manila, The Philippines"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fusun","family":"Gundogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surendra","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunthorn","family":"Pond-Tor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"MurrayCJLLopezAD. 1996. 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